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	<title>Comments on: Neandertals have the same mutations in FOXP2, the language gene, as modern humans</title>
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	<link>http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/</link>
	<description>Beyond bones &#38; stones</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sun, 27 May 2012 23:21:41 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>By: Blog of: David A. Ruskin &#187; Blog Archive &#187; Traces of Pidgins Past?</title>
		<link>http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-26425</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Blog of: David A. Ruskin &#187; Blog Archive &#187; Traces of Pidgins Past?]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Aug 2011 22:29:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-26425</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[...] this may not be the whole story&#8230; after all, Neanderthals bear the same FOXP2 mutation that we do. If this is at the heart of our increased appeal to iconicity, we might have to make an exception [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] this may not be the whole story&#8230; after all, Neanderthals bear the same FOXP2 mutation that we do. If this is at the heart of our increased appeal to iconicity, we might have to make an exception [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Kambiz Kamrani</title>
		<link>http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-22135</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kambiz Kamrani]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 22 Feb 2011 02:51:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-22135</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[What are you talking about? You never make sense.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What are you talking about? You never make sense.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: carlos lascoutx</title>
		<link>http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-22131</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[carlos lascoutx]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:45:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-22131</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[...let me add that the hyoid bone in neander developed
against evolution, it put him/her at risk from choking as it drew near the gullet, but such was the joy in song, in worship of Tonatiuh/sun deity/Anthony=
tonalli(N)=soul=tone/tune. from the very beginning, the most religious being to roam blue planet, s/he gave us medicine/shanidar flower burial4, promethean fire, solstice bear christ/iueli(N)=powerful, ochre
burials=ocelix(N)=to reblossom/revive=oc(r)elix/celia(N), the one body of language known as Nauatl, began the venus star charts when wendy/venison was 1st venus
jumping horizons, then is refined in the upper stone age, 45k-10k bc.s/he was an athlete=atleti/atletia(N)=to burn, consume=atle(N/negative=no fire, tletl(N)=
fire reverential=t/l/red/t/l=t/let/l=letter, and writing, check out the old iberian alphabet, tle(N)=
what/what thing? for a look at neander&#039;s character, 
find the mati(N)=know, imati/oima(N)wordstring in,
isbn 968-23-0573-x. the fallen angel was superior
to us in many ways, not inferior. health was a problem
so he had to be near his pharmacy=pamaca(N)=give a
laxative, imati(N)=to be convalescing, which kept him
local while homo sap sap traded around him, but freed many members of the clan for reflective tasks, his
brain larger, and, i believe more activity on the
surface, leading to the correct conclusion everything
is connected, our planet thinks the same way. not
the brain of homo sap sap, whose brain is for focus,
more micro than macro, internal, self-involved, seeking its own comfort, not looking out in wonder,
cynical, fantasy prone.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8230;let me add that the hyoid bone in neander developed<br />
against evolution, it put him/her at risk from choking as it drew near the gullet, but such was the joy in song, in worship of Tonatiuh/sun deity/Anthony=<br />
tonalli(N)=soul=tone/tune. from the very beginning, the most religious being to roam blue planet, s/he gave us medicine/shanidar flower burial4, promethean fire, solstice bear christ/iueli(N)=powerful, ochre<br />
burials=ocelix(N)=to reblossom/revive=oc(r)elix/celia(N), the one body of language known as Nauatl, began the venus star charts when wendy/venison was 1st venus<br />
jumping horizons, then is refined in the upper stone age, 45k-10k bc.s/he was an athlete=atleti/atletia(N)=to burn, consume=atle(N/negative=no fire, tletl(N)=<br />
fire reverential=t/l/red/t/l=t/let/l=letter, and writing, check out the old iberian alphabet, tle(N)=<br />
what/what thing? for a look at neander&#8217;s character,<br />
find the mati(N)=know, imati/oima(N)wordstring in,<br />
isbn 968-23-0573-x. the fallen angel was superior<br />
to us in many ways, not inferior. health was a problem<br />
so he had to be near his pharmacy=pamaca(N)=give a<br />
laxative, imati(N)=to be convalescing, which kept him<br />
local while homo sap sap traded around him, but freed many members of the clan for reflective tasks, his<br />
brain larger, and, i believe more activity on the<br />
surface, leading to the correct conclusion everything<br />
is connected, our planet thinks the same way. not<br />
the brain of homo sap sap, whose brain is for focus,<br />
more micro than macro, internal, self-involved, seeking its own comfort, not looking out in wonder,<br />
cynical, fantasy prone.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: carlos lascoutx</title>
		<link>http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-21594</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[carlos lascoutx]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Feb 2011 02:41:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-21594</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[...from cyclops polyphemus/many voiced, to baxajaun, 
who shouted when wind came=ecaitz(baxque)=ecauitz(Nauatl), 
whose arrival was announced by belled sheep he  guarded
as Lord of the forest, to the anachronistic planting song the
baxques preserved from him, we know neander prometheus
as a mimic=mimati(N)=imati(N) of animal sounds(for hunting or pleasure), who cried out, and who sang.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8230;from cyclops polyphemus/many voiced, to baxajaun,<br />
who shouted when wind came=ecaitz(baxque)=ecauitz(Nauatl),<br />
whose arrival was announced by belled sheep he  guarded<br />
as Lord of the forest, to the anachronistic planting song the<br />
baxques preserved from him, we know neander prometheus<br />
as a mimic=mimati(N)=imati(N) of animal sounds(for hunting or pleasure), who cried out, and who sang.</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: A brief history of human language &#124; My Blog</title>
		<link>http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-21382</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[A brief history of human language &#124; My Blog]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 22 Jan 2011 23:26:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-21382</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[...] Adam&quot;). Despite new findings such as the recent discovery in genetic research that Neanderthals shared the FOXP2 gene, the only gene so for identified being involved in human speech, with humans, many scholars cling [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Adam&#8221;). Despite new findings such as the recent discovery in genetic research that Neanderthals shared the FOXP2 gene, the only gene so for identified being involved in human speech, with humans, many scholars cling [...]</p>
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		<title>By: jean-paul Jacobi</title>
		<link>http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-13409</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[jean-paul Jacobi]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Dec 2008 06:00:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-13409</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I am writing a story about a neandertal man 35000 years ago , and I am fascinated with the fact that one musical instrument was retreived on a burial site , dated carbon14 40000 years ago , so if music instrument ... means singing , therefore means voice and by deduction a language is not it ? ... Please answer me as this is a very important link for my research on my story ... merci beaucoup ! jpj]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I am writing a story about a neandertal man 35000 years ago , and I am fascinated with the fact that one musical instrument was retreived on a burial site , dated carbon14 40000 years ago , so if music instrument &#8230; means singing , therefore means voice and by deduction a language is not it ? &#8230; Please answer me as this is a very important link for my research on my story &#8230; merci beaucoup ! jpj</p>
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		<title>By: Homo heidelbergensis Ear Anatomy Indicates They Could Have Heard The Same Frequency of Sounds As Modern Humans &#171; Anthropology.net</title>
		<link>http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-11713</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Homo heidelbergensis Ear Anatomy Indicates They Could Have Heard The Same Frequency of Sounds As Modern Humans &#171; Anthropology.net]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Jul 2008 03:07:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-11713</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[...] Comments Pinpointing when language became a prevalent trait during human evolution has been tricky. Last fall we read a paper which document that Neandertals have the same FOXP2 sequence as modern humans. FOXP2 is a [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Comments Pinpointing when language became a prevalent trait during human evolution has been tricky. Last fall we read a paper which document that Neandertals have the same FOXP2 sequence as modern humans. FOXP2 is a [...]</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Rachel Mackelprang &#38; Edward Rubin Summarize Recent Neandertal Genomic Research &#171; Anthropology.net</title>
		<link>http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-11690</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Rachel Mackelprang &#38; Edward Rubin Summarize Recent Neandertal Genomic Research &#171; Anthropology.net]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jul 2008 21:06:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-11690</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[...] sequencing project and the recent research, such as the melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r) and forkhead box P2 (Foxp2) studies we read about last fall. They also outline some of the challenges facing [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] sequencing project and the recent research, such as the melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r) and forkhead box P2 (Foxp2) studies we read about last fall. They also outline some of the challenges facing [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Questioning the level of modern human contamination in Neandertal FOXP2 gene sequence &#171; Anthropology.net</title>
		<link>http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-10441</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Questioning the level of modern human contamination in Neandertal FOXP2 gene sequence &#171; Anthropology.net]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Apr 2008 03:52:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-10441</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[...] Neandertal FOXP2 gene&#160;sequence  Jump to Comments One of my favorite papers from last year was the investigation of FOXP2 allele in Neandertals. It seems like it was one of your favorite papers too, that post gets a lot of hits still! That [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Neandertal FOXP2 gene&nbsp;sequence  Jump to Comments One of my favorite papers from last year was the investigation of FOXP2 allele in Neandertals. It seems like it was one of your favorite papers too, that post gets a lot of hits still! That [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Victor</title>
		<link>http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-5326</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Victor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Oct 2007 19:51:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://anthropology.net/2007/10/18/neandertals-have-the-same-mutations-in-foxp2-the-language-gene-as-modern-humans/#comment-5326</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Thanks for responding, Terry. If you have a background in music and ethno, as well as anthro, I think you&#039;ll find quite a bit to interest you in my blog, so I hope you&#039;ll keep reading. Most people in ethno seem to be afraid of me, because they see what I&#039;m doing as a throwback to the &quot;bad old days&quot; of kulturkreise thinking -- and are also shy of anything remotely &quot;statistical.&quot; And most in anthro lack the musical background to understand the sort of connections I think I&#039;m finding. So I would appreciate any comments and also criticisms you might have.

There&#039;s an essay that might interest you, by a very interesting guy named Roger Blench, a sort of combination linguist, archaeologist and ethnomusicologist: &quot;Are Pygmies an Ethnographic Fiction?&quot; -- http://www.rogerblench.info/Anthropology%20data/Pygmies%20an%20ethnographic%20fiction.pdf

It&#039;s an enjoyable read, but his thinking seems the product of the prevailing &quot;revisionist&quot; ideology, that&#039;s questioning the legitimacy of &quot;indigenous peoples&quot; in all parts of the world. My reading of the genetic evidence (admittedly biased), is that yes indeed there IS considerable evidence of genetic connections, very old ones. It&#039;s a bit confusing, because some of the reports have found strong connections among various western groups, but no clear connection with eastern pygmies, such as the Mbuti. The most recent evidence (which I am not at liberty to say much about at the moment) apparently does show such links. All the genetic evidence I&#039;ve ever seen on any Pygmy group identifies at least some of their haplotypes as among the oldest found anywhere. Some groups have more Bantu admixture than others, though.

As far as the musical evidence is concerned, there is IMO a very strong connection among almost all Pygmy groups in Africa -- and Bushmen also. Blench should know better as he&#039;s knowledgeable about African music, but chooses instead to -- well, it&#039;s a long story. Actually I&quot;m working on a paper about all the confusion on Pygmy and Bushmen music now. Meanwhile, if you check some of the earlier posts on my blog, you&#039;ll get a good sense of why I think the way on do on this.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks for responding, Terry. If you have a background in music and ethno, as well as anthro, I think you&#8217;ll find quite a bit to interest you in my blog, so I hope you&#8217;ll keep reading. Most people in ethno seem to be afraid of me, because they see what I&#8217;m doing as a throwback to the &#8220;bad old days&#8221; of kulturkreise thinking &#8212; and are also shy of anything remotely &#8220;statistical.&#8221; And most in anthro lack the musical background to understand the sort of connections I think I&#8217;m finding. So I would appreciate any comments and also criticisms you might have.</p>
<p>There&#8217;s an essay that might interest you, by a very interesting guy named Roger Blench, a sort of combination linguist, archaeologist and ethnomusicologist: &#8220;Are Pygmies an Ethnographic Fiction?&#8221; &#8212; <a href="http://www.rogerblench.info/Anthropology%20data/Pygmies%20an%20ethnographic%20fiction.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.rogerblench.info/Anthropology%20data/Pygmies%20an%20ethnographic%20fiction.pdf</a></p>
<p>It&#8217;s an enjoyable read, but his thinking seems the product of the prevailing &#8220;revisionist&#8221; ideology, that&#8217;s questioning the legitimacy of &#8220;indigenous peoples&#8221; in all parts of the world. My reading of the genetic evidence (admittedly biased), is that yes indeed there IS considerable evidence of genetic connections, very old ones. It&#8217;s a bit confusing, because some of the reports have found strong connections among various western groups, but no clear connection with eastern pygmies, such as the Mbuti. The most recent evidence (which I am not at liberty to say much about at the moment) apparently does show such links. All the genetic evidence I&#8217;ve ever seen on any Pygmy group identifies at least some of their haplotypes as among the oldest found anywhere. Some groups have more Bantu admixture than others, though.</p>
<p>As far as the musical evidence is concerned, there is IMO a very strong connection among almost all Pygmy groups in Africa &#8212; and Bushmen also. Blench should know better as he&#8217;s knowledgeable about African music, but chooses instead to &#8212; well, it&#8217;s a long story. Actually I&#8221;m working on a paper about all the confusion on Pygmy and Bushmen music now. Meanwhile, if you check some of the earlier posts on my blog, you&#8217;ll get a good sense of why I think the way on do on this.</p>
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