Discovering a Monumental Megalithic Structure in Northern Peru
Unveiling an Early Stone Plaza in the Andes
University of Wyoming anthropologists have unearthed one of the earliest circular plazas in Andean South America at the Callacpuma archaeological site in Peru's Cajamarca Basin. Led by Associate Professor Jason Toohey and Professor Melissa Murphy, their research1 sheds light on monumental megalithic architecture dating back approximately 4,750 years. Published in Science Advances, their findings reveal insights into ancient ceremonial practices and community gatherings, providing a deeper understanding of early Andean civilizations.
The circular plaza, constructed with vertically placed megalithic stones, showcases architectural sophistication previously unseen in the Andes. Excavations starting in 2018 unearthed artifacts and charcoal samples, enabling precise radiocarbon dating. Dating back to the Late Preceramic Period, this plaza predates iconic structures like the Great Pyramids of Egypt and Stonehenge, marking it as a significant milestone in architectural history.
Measuring approximately 60 feet in diameter, the plaza served as a focal point for early inhabitants, likely hosting ceremonies and community gatherings. Its two concentric walls signify meticulous planning and construction, indicative of a burgeoning society transitioning from hunting and gathering to agricultural practices.
The interdisciplinary project, led by Toohey and Patricia Chirinos Ogata from the University of California-Santa Barbara, underscores the importance of collaborative research and community engagement. Through outreach efforts, the team works closely with local residents to share findings and preserve cultural heritage.
Toohey's extensive fieldwork experience in the Peruvian Andes, coupled with Murphy's expertise in bioarchaeology, enriches the project's multidisciplinary approach. Together with students from Peru and the U.S., they continue to unravel the mysteries of ancient civilizations while fostering connections with contemporary communities.
As anthropology pioneers, Toohey, Murphy, and their team exemplify the transformative power of research, bridging the past and present to illuminate humanity's rich cultural tapestry. Through their dedication to scientific inquiry and community partnership, they pave the way for future discoveries and heritage conservation in the Andean region.
Toohey, J. L., Murphy, M. S., Chirinos Ogata, P., Stagg, S. G., & Garcia-Putnam, A. (2024). A monumental stone plaza at 4750 B.P. in the Cajamarca Valley of Peru. Science Advances, 10(7). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adl0572